In a series of studies of adaptive processes of the major body systems of elite athletes male and female in the age range 16-46 years using immunological, biochemical, hematological, rheographic, spirometryс, anthropometric and ergometric methods of analysis of gas composition of exhaled air, load testing established physiological laws of formation of age-related changes in the functional state of the athletes of the second adulthood. In the age range 37 to 46 years were defined: changes of morphometric parameters of physical status, causing a decline in integrated bioenergy indicators; established an intensive formation of metabolic factors of fatigue at a relatively low threshold level of activity – aerobic-anaerobic; showing a relatively high level of tension nonspecific adaptation processes; identified changes in emergency responses of the basic adaptive systems (hormonal, autonomic nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory) at the level of the threshold modes of operation. Qualified athletes 37-45 years old with anovulatory menstrual cycles were studied and systematized chronobiological mechanisms of the adaptation processes, which consists in the features of the regulatory nervous influences on the heart rhythm, the hemodynamic and ventilatory functions. The revealed changes of adaptive processes in athletes of the second adulthood can be used as the basis of an analytical framework to predict the functional abilities of the athletes later periods of ontogenesis.