The purpose of this paper was to reveal the general tendency of a man's immunity system's adaptation to physical loads. The stated dynamics of changes in an athlete's immunity status allowed to identify at least four phases of adaptation: - phase of mobilization; - phase of compensation; - phase of decompensation; - phase of restitution The authors consider the general problems of sports immunology, the methods of prophylaxis and compensation of the sports stressor immunodeficit states.