THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXERCISE COMPLEX ON THE SKELETAL MUSCLES FUNCTION OF A PREGNANT WOMAN

THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXERCISE COMPLEX ON THE SKELETAL MUSCLES FUNCTION OF A PREGNANT WOMAN

Z.Maciuniene

Lithuanian Institute of Physical Education,
Kaunas, Lithuania

Our aim was the influence of special physical exercise complex on the strengthening of the skeletal muscles of a pregnant woman.

Objects:

1. To make a special complex of physical exercises for pregnant women.

2. To investigate the influence of special physical exercise complex on the tone of the skeletal muscles.

3. To investigate the influence of special physical exercise comlpex on the decrement - elasticity of the skeletal muscles.

Method: elektromiotonometry.

It is a well known fact that physical activity has a positive influence on the organism of pregnant women (1,3,4,5). But the influence of physical activity on the functioning of the skeletal muscles is not based on the objective data. Specific morfofunctional changes occur in the organism of pregnant women. There fore the influence of physical exercises on the pregnant should be discussed.

So we made a complex of special physical exercises, the influence of which we investigated (4).

Fifty pregnant women (aged 18-25) were selected for the investigation. They were under observation from the third month of gestation to the ninth month. All selected women were pregnant for the first time. Physical exercises were selected in view of the general condition of a pregnant woman, her reaction to the physical load and the trimesrter of gestation. The pregnant women were divided into two groups: the control group with no specific physical exercises (n=22) and the experimental group with extra physical load (n=28).

The data of the investigation were evaluated using methods of statistical mathematics. Mathematical hypotheses were tested using Student Fisher’s criterion

(p < 0,05). The analysis of the data confirmed that specially selected exercises improved the functional condition of skeletal muscle systems in pregnant women compared with the results of the control group (p < 0,05).

Improvement of blood circulation stimulated perfusion of organs and tissues (9). As a consequence the trophic (catabolic and metabolic) processes improved. It was reflected in electromiotonometric investigation (2,6,7,8).

Electromiotonometer was used to measure the straight abdominal muscle (m.rectus abdomini) and the straight femoral muscle (m.rectus femoris).

The functional condition of the systems investigated was registered at the beginning of the pregnancy (the 12-13 the week of pregnancy) and at the end of pregnancy (the 35-37 th week of pregnancy).

The electromiotonometric investigation of the functional capacity of the skeletal muscle system. The decrement of m.rectus abdomini sin. in the control group at the end of pregnancy decreased by 24,90 % m.rectus abdomini dex. decreased by 32,70 %,m. rectus femoris sin. by 21,60 %

(p < 0,05) and m.rectus femoris dex. decreased by 28,40% as compared with the registered data at the beginning of pregnancy.

The decrement of m.rectus abdomini sin. in the experimental group at the end of pregnancy decreased by 5,72 %, m.rectus abdomini dex. decreased by 44,00 %, m.rectus femoris sin increased by 20,90 % (p < 0,05) and m. rectus femoris abdomini dex. decreased by 19,00 % as compared with the registered data at the beginning of pregnancy.

The electromiotonometric investigation of the functional capacity of the skeletal muscle system. M. rectus abdomini sin. period decreased by 9,78 % (p < 0,05) in the control group at the end of pregnancy, m.rectus abdomini dex. decreased by 4,42 % (p < 0,05), m.rectus femoris sin. decreased by 4,86 % and m. rectus femoris dex. decreased by 5,66 %, compared with the registered data at the beginning of pregnancy.

These results show that m. rectus abdomini sin. period in the experimental group at the end of pregnancy increased by 7,41 % (p < 0,05), m. rectus abdomini dex. increased by 10,80 % (p < 0,05), m. rectus femoris sin. decreased by 16,30 % and m. rectus femoris dex. increased by 0,30 % as compared with the registered data at the beginning of pregnancy.

Conclusion: The results of the work done, show that special physical exercises improve the functional condition of the skeletal muscles of pregnant women.

REFERENCES

1. Johnstone J. Exercise in pregnancy (letter). J - Obstet - Gynecol - Neonatal - Nurs. // Medline 1997 Mar - Apr; 26 (2) P. 143.

2. Kibiрa R. Elektromiotonometrija klinikoje. Medicina.- K., 1994. Nr. 1. T.30. - P. 40 - 42.

3. Lee G. Exercise in pregnancy. Mod - Midwife // Medline1996 Aug; 6 (8) P. 28 - 33.

4. Maиiыnienл Ю. Fizinio aktyvumo poveikis nлриios moters organizmui. Metodinлs rekomendacijos. - K.., 1996. - 21 p.

5. Margolis RS. Exercise and pregnancy. MD - Med - J. // Medline 1996 Aug; 45 (8) P. 637 - 641.

6. Ваин А.А., Цхумал Л.А. Електроника и спорт - 5. Тез. Докл. Всесоюз. - Тех. Конф. - М., 1979. - C. 45.

7. Ваин А.А., Гапеева Е.Н., Пиаесуке М.А. Медицинская биомеханика. Т. 1. Тез. Докл. Междунар. Конф. - Рига, 1986. - C. 96.

8. Ваин А.А. Явление передачи механического сопряжения в скелетнои мышце. - Тарту, 1990. - C. 34.

9. Озолинь П.П. Адаптация сосудистой системы к спортивным нагрузкам. - Рига, 1984.- С. 134.


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Maciuniene, Z. The influence of special physical exercise complex on the skeletal muscles function of a pregnant woman // Человек в мире спорта : Новые идеи, технологии, перспективы : Тез. докл. Междунар. конгр. - М., 1998. - Т. 2. - С. 532-534.